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Heritage Landes

The castle on the entrance of Poyanne (Landes) is testimony the power of the noble family of Baylenx which originated in the fourteenth century by the union of Poudenx and Baylenx, whose apogee lies between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. For generations, the Wars of Religion to the Fronde, the Seven Years War than thirty years, have accumulated Poyanne Baylenx of titles, honors and burdens in the country of Lannes, Béarn and the Court of Versailles, as a reward their loyalty to the royal power. Four barons then Marquis de Poyanne were made Knights of the Holy Spirit, the order of chivalry most prestigious of the Ancien Regime, by Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV and Louis XV. .

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the origins of the castle

a castle mound with primitive, ditches and fences, was erected without permission and threatening the nearby castle of Saint Geours, head of the sheriff Auribat. In 1311, investigators English marked this dangerous usurpation. It will be recognized and legitimized in 1315, when Edward II of England, Duke of Aquitaine Bernard Poyanne authorized to erect a strong house.

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- position atop the high hill overlooking the plain of the Adour
the center of a promontory rising,
and protected on three sides by hills and ravines two streams
from two sources close -

In 1325, a garrison of ten armed men and sixty sergeants was divided between Poyanne and Saint Geours.

In Guyenne English to the Béarn, lands of the Counts of Foix and Armagnac, the small fee of Poyanne suffers the vicissitudes of the Hundred Years War. He spent the tutelage of English-French party, assigned, confiscated, returned at the discretion of the struggles, alliances and interests. Dependent of the dukes of Aquitaine, the Viscounts Dax then Tartas Thus in 1364, is the lord of Poyanne Tartas Guiraud, which was captured in 1372 and all his property confiscated by Charles V and felony crime. Poyanne is then given to Amanieu, Sire d'Albret. At that time the Lord Bertrand Baylenx seems run the country as a captain, or road or bribed by the balance Count of Armagnac before retrieving his lordship held of his father Bernard and especially his mother Miramond Albret. (Then a little confusing ...)

A stone castle was succeeded vraissemblablement original castle in Gascony style of the era, namely a strong house equipped with a square or two laps.

This castle was partially demolished early in the reign of Louis XIII, so that nothing remains of earlier buildings in the seventeenth century, except perhaps the large pavilion east from which were added to the main building and the central pavilion.

Bernard of Baylenx, Baron Poyanne and Lieutenant General of the King of Navarre and Bearn, at the height of its power and benefit of royal patronage as a reward for his loyalty and his successes against the Huguenots, gave its current configuration in 1624. He confided

reconstruction Gratian (Gassiot) of Lerm. The latter, a native of Cadillac master architect, son of master mason, was for seven years apprenticed to Peter Souffron, the architect of the castle Duke Epernon Cadillac, construction of which he participated. It was inspired no doubt that some construction requirements are close. He eventually settled Bazas to which he was the architect of the city and the Duke of Epernon itself.

creates a vast esplanade in front of the building. The work spread out from 1624 to 1627 as regards the central pavilion and the accompanying eastward. The large pavilion is occupied, according to tradition, the location of the remains of the old fortress walls, some of which remain. The evidence would narrow openings and the southern facade and the creation of six false windows and trompe l'oeil detailing for symmetry, proportion and design of the openings of other flags and main building. Lerm of himself alludes in his works project to existing building at the time of its intervention.

The two pavilions were built after West, although apparently planned from the design of the building.

At its inventory completed December 17, 1781 Master Camy royal notary alludes to a previous inventory drawn up by him, and another by his father before the archives were removed and transferred "when the building of new houses in this castle. " So the two houses were built west later that we do not say in the eighteenth century, between 1771 and 1773, as evidenced by the last letters to his steward Marquis

In a study of 1812 on the monuments and ancient castles and abbeys of the Borough of Dax reads " quarente years ago that the old castle was demolished Poyanne, this castle was very hard"

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the south side the north side

The building now consists of five volumes offset in height forming a frontage of 61 meters on three levels:
- A narrow projecting central pavilion, is presented on three levels and a single span dome topped with a square surmounted by a lantern rising to 30 meters. It is fully occupied by a monumental staircase.
- Two main building has two levels down over a basement and three spans spaced, wearing very high and steep roof
- Two large pavilions and massive rectangular two-span, one floor above, and bearing attic independent

This is a typical castle of the reign of Louis XIII characteristic of the first period of French classicism: straight lines, search for symmetry, geometric rigor, sobriety of surfaces and even a strong character and solid. By its configuration, with a pavilion falling between two buildings of rectangular plan extended by two flags of a square, the castle can be Poyanne closer to those of Saint-Loup-sur-Thouet or Cheverny.

drawing Claudine Passicos (Bull Soc. Borda 1987)

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It presents a much more imposing because of the unevenness of the ground which turns the basement ground floor fitted. The elevation here is then to three levels for the main building, four pavilions and five for the central pavilion whose berries light levels at mid-floor. (A little extra flag was inserted after the needs for service, the angle between the pavilion and is the main building next door).

drawing Claudine Passicos (Bull Soc. Borda 1 987)

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some windows

window flag-central North facade


types windows of the south facade


types of windows in the north facade


true and false window flag is


front windows is


types of windows north and south

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general architecture

The apparatus harp and angles berries appear particularly careful. All windows have retained their triangular pediments and broken with a ball in the center to the first floor, bent to the second. The windows of the central pavilion are paired, one on the top floor which is adjacent to the roof has lost its crown. The end pavilions are highly salient, allowing them a side with three bays to the west, two east and pediments of the same rhythm as the north wall.

The walls are of masonry (stone "buttermilk"-stones) plastered with stone wall ties at the corners and around the mullioned windows, some arched pediments surmounted. But the multiplication of the facade recrépissages eased its relief and bloated the quoins and appliances harp windows with pediments most have disappeared. The restoration business is expected to remedy. All

quite clearly evokes the rhythms of Cheverny which seems slightly earlier.

Above the entrance door, flanked by pilasters with decorative trim keeps a fruit falls, there is a balcony supported by massive consoles like the Cadillac entry. The upstairs window is the only one to have retained a broken pediment. A dual band marks the separation of floors and continues throughout the building by unifying the different bodies. The cornice is composed of heavy consoles.
Skylights belong to two different types: for flats, a more narrow, semicircular, surmounted by a pediment and flanked fin; for the main building, a rectangular window, lattice, also with arched pediment and fins. The small oval oculus of the dome seems late.

A large cornice brackets reign to the birth of steep roofs

The original frame, oak, especially that of the dome, deserves attention. The tradition that has retained its author: Jehan Petit. The roofer is the Bordeaux Thibaut Bhatia, who is completing his work in 1627.

Poyanne ranks among the great classics of the era castles Louis XIII.
Its facades and roofs are classified historic monument since October 21, 1957.

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architect

Article in work

Appointed as documents AERM, Delerm DELLERM, DE LER, Gratien (Gassiot, short Gassies ) of Lerma, was born and baptized 29 otobre 1586 to Cadillac, where his father, Pierre Delerm master mason, is working to build the main lodge and the northern part of the main building of the castle of the Duke of Epernon and fixed in Omits the nearby village of

His uncle and the son of this one, are also master builders, bourgeois Rions from the village of Livran.

April 6, 1603, presented by his father, he became a student for seven years SOUFFRON Stone, the architect and supervisor of the castle of the Duke of Epernon since inception in 1599. However, for some unknown reason, his new master leaves the site from the end of next month. It is not known whether remains committed to the construction of Cadillac, or if he follows in Auch and Toulouse.
( Souffron is the master architect of the town of Auch and directs the work of the cathedral in 1597 - 1604 In 1603, he worked in the construction of the Pont Neuf of Toulouse and this up in 1608 and much later in 1616 before being discarded and replaced by Parisian architects whose Lemercier. He is also the architect of the side galleries of the Capitol ente 1602 and 1606)

The true, c is the family castle Poyanne with the work of Pierre Souffron Cadillac:

The pavilion design Advanced central and topped with a dome, allowing the stairs, the proportion of all the pavilions, main building with three bays of windows topped by skylights, the windows, the walls of corner bosses, the balcony at the entrance consoles, all of inspired by the model such as the basement north Talut and vaulted rooms in the basement.

This can also be explained by his relationship with his friend and colleague Peter COUTEREAU, son of architect Louis COUTEREAU also the Duke of Epernon who took over from Gilles de SOUFFRON and KEY in the direction Cadillac work until his death in 1630. Peter is also COUTEREAU who succeeded his father until 1650

Delerm but differed from model Cadillac, taking the advantage of removing the back wings and therefore the court of honor and upgraded windows abandoning ties and mullions.

Cadillac

With Peter Couterau it began in 1644, construction of the Orangerie de Cadillac, as well as major restoration if the reconstruction of the castle in the Medoc Beychevelle for Bernard de la Valette, the second and last Duke of Epernon (see contracts Archaeological Society in Bordeaux-Volume IX-1882 - 57 p )

It s installs in Bazas, he lives at least between 1630 and 1644, and he is an architect of the city. As such it is likely that he worked until 1635 to rebuild the cathedral destroyed by the Huguenots. He is also credited a house in the main square dated 1630.

In fact, Poyanne and Castillon Arrengosse seem to be his masterpieces

Project masonry work detailed by Gratian to Lerm

- click on the image to see -




excerpt transcribed and taken up by the Abbot Légé - The Castelnau-Tursan -1886 - Vol 1, page 410.



Castle Castillon Arrengosse


contract learning Gassiot Delerm

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inside the castle the castle

pland'ensemble (drawing Claudine Passicos)

photos Landes General Council

The great stone staircase (stone Bidache) of the central pavilion, arched ramp on ramp and solid wall, not decorative, has 99 steps of 2.61 meters width. At each level, access to the main building is through doors with pilasters and entablature surmounted by molded cornices or pediments on the ground floor.

At the bottom of the main building east lies a large room and severe Romanesque vault. On the ground floor, above this room is a large reception room of 15.70 meters long and 7.58 meters wide. At a height of 4.40 meters is illuminated by six huge windows. Is the flag is largely occupied by a salon called "Golden Room" featuring panels of Louis XIII, carved wooden fireplace, French ceiling, parquet floor, only the remains of the development of the seventeenth century. The rest of the pavilion is a room occupied by Louis XVI to woodwork.

The stories take up the very simple plan and volumes of the ground floor, Included are French ceilings and a set of chimneys Louis XIII and Louis XIV. A chimney located in the attic seems to be earlier and might prove the existence of the original castle.
The west wing of the castle is planning more recent and has three levels serving nine pieces in the style of the eighteenth century.
The main building is a vaulted basement barrel low profile, largely informed the North where it is single storey and was intended to be a sommelier. The two floors will each included only one large room at of the roof, a corridor to the south served two bedrooms and an anti-chamber to the north.
The various assignments of the building have changed the provisions anciennes.En persist however many elements of the latest developments made in the eighteenth century woodwork in the large dining room, main building of apartments and chalet West. It is also important this time a series of chimneys.

the floors are kept a few stacks of stone, decorated with moldings simple geometric array of stone shot at the corners with rosettes, pilasters pediment and fluted circular or consoles. The room's main building is a modern chapel became only the current vestry, located on the ground floor of the adjacent pavilion, kept part of the decor of the seventeenth century. On the beams, medallions treated in monochrome red, with busts or mythological scenes, supported by mermaids and mermen golden. Large wood fireplace two caryatids sheathed around a table is a simple representation of the castle, a mask surrounded by garlands, angels' heads with waterfalls surround the home. The top-of-doors are painted landscapes in the window openings grounds Loves climbing branches suspended from a ring appears later.

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